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 Barbat
is a short-necked lute with a pear shaped body. It is an
ancient Persian instrument and is the direct predecessor
to the Arab 'ud and the European lute. It became very popular
in the Arab courts where it was brought by major Persian
composers during the Arab Empire. The present day barbat
has five pairs of strings while original instrument had
only four string strings. .
7/8 Music productions released Midnight Sun, a CD recording
by Mr. Hossein Behroozi-Nia and Pejman Hadadi.
 Tanbur
is the ancestor of most long-necked, plucked stringed instruments.
Its pear shaped belly is usually carved out of one piece
of mulberry wood. Some modern tanburs are made of bent ribs
of mulberry wood. It has a long neck with fourteen gut frets.
Its soundboard, also made of mulberry wood, has numerous
small holes for better resonance. The tanbur has a unique
playing technique whereby the strings are strummed across
the soundboard with the fingers of the right hand to produce
a very full and even tremolo called shorr (literally meaning
the pouring of water). This technique, which is very difficult
to master. Along with various kinds of plucking (usually
with the index and pinkie fingers), it enables the musician
to produce different effects and various rhythmic accentuations,
which imitate the natural sounds of the environment, such
as a running stream, a waterfall, a bird chirping, or a
horses' gallop, all translated into musical rhythms and
sounds and creating the effect of several instruments being
played at once. The ancient tanbur used to have two silk
or gut strings tuned in 4th or 5th, similar to the dotar
(two stringed lute), its close relative widely used in Eastern
Iran. Although these two instruments share a similar history
and are basically the same, they have developed their own
repertoires, playing techniques and functions. According
to the master instrument maker Ustad Mehdi Kamalian, the
name tanbur is taken from the word tandur or tanur, meaning
clay oven, as early instrument makers dried tree trunks
chosen to carve the belly in tanurs for several hours in
order to perfect the sound. Gradually the instrument took
on the name tanbur. The present tanbur has three strings
and covers the range of one octave and two notes. The lower
pair of strings, made of steel, are tuned in unison anywhere
from a (flat) to b and are fingered together functioning
as the melody strings. The top string made of copper or
brass, slightly thicker, tuned in lower fourth or fifth,
functions as a sympathetic string with occasional fingering
by the thumb. The tanbur has always been considered a sacred
instrument associated with the Kurdish Sufi music of Western
Iran and it is believed that its repertoire is based on
ancient Persian music. Up until the last fifty years this
instrument was used only during djamm gatherings (devotional
or liturgic ceremonies) of the Ahle-Haqq (the people of
truth), followers of a particular Sufi order.
(Tanbur
notes written by Kayhan Kalhor)
 Kurdish
Tanbur Music of Iran The name tanbur (or tenbur, tambur,
tanpura, tanburitza) is used for several similar yet somewhat
different instruments in South West Asia, India and in Western
China. It varies in shape, size, modal tuning, and the playing
techniques in different regions. The tanbur Mr. Moradi plays
is an ancient traditional Kurdish instrument from Iranian
Kurdistan. The early masters of tanbur music: Sayyed Veli
Husseini, Sayyet Mirza Khafashyan, Sayyed Mahmoud Alevi
and Allahmouradi Hamedi, all taught Ali Akbar Moradi. When
Mr.Moradi was growing up in the Houraman region of Iran,
tanbur had a very revered and sacred place in Kurdish music,
and among the people, because of its use by the dervishes
of the Ahle-Haqq Sufi order (Ahle-Haqq in Iran is similar
to the Alevi/Bektashi order in Turkey). This sacred instrument
has a soundboard with small holes drilled for resonance
and a long neck with moveable gut frets with 15-17 unequal
intervals. It has 2 main strings and 1 bam string (a sympathetic
string with occasional fingering by the thumb).Tanbur has
no quartertones .
Kurdish
Tanbur music has three forms:
1- Avaz (vocal form with a wide variety of rhythms)
2- Maghamati Majlisi-avaz
3- Maghamati Majazi --this is the contemporary Kurdish music
A) Tanbur music (this is the oldest form)
B) Ghoureh avazi
C) Noureh (without rhythm)
Houraman
Region's Kurdish Music form Siyachamaneh consists of:
1- Bezmi Chaplah with rhythm is played at Deryaneh Khanagah
(Dervish sacred school, and residence and ceremony hall).
2- Souz
3- Kar (work songs)
4- Lullubies
5- Saheri (morning songs with zirne)
6- Sawar sawar (horseback riding songs)
7- Chengerah (war songs)
 Tombak
is a goblet-shaped drum carved from solid mulberry wood
and covered at the wide end with lamb or goat skin. It is
held horizontally and played with both hands. The finger
technique is extremely elaborate and consists of rolling
and snapping the fingers in various ways, which allow for
a great variety of sounds .
 Daf
is a large frame drum covered with goat-skin which has one
or more rows of metal rings on the inside adding a jingle
effect. The daf is generally used in Sufi and folk music.
Although at first sight, it appears to be a relatively simple
instrument, the daf can produce intricate rhythmic patterns
and sounds.
 GARMON
is an accordion used in Azerbaijani music. It's smaller
than the traditional European accordion. Its timbre is more
suitable to the modal music of Azerbaijan. Created in the
19th century in Germany and adapted for the music
of Azerbaijan, it is a much-loved instrument for the folk
and traditional music of the Caucasus.
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